Legal permanent residence in the United States (unofficially known as a green card) is the immigration status of a person authorized to permanently reside and work in the United States. The term of validity of green card permanent residents is 10 years, and the term of validity of conditional permanent residents is 2 years. After this period, the card must be renewed or replaced. The application process can take years. Immigrants usually have to go through three steps to obtain permanent residency, including petitions and processing.
The U.S. permanent resident card (USCIS form I-551), formerly known as the alien registration card or the alien registration receipt card (INS form i-151), is an identity card to prove the permanent resident status of a U.S. alien. Due to its green design from 1946 to 1964, it was informally referred to as the "green card" and retained a nickname even if the color was changed. The card returned to green in 2010. "Green card" also refers to the immigration process of becoming a permanent resident. The green card can prove that its holder's legal permanent resident (LPR) has obtained official immigration benefits, including permission to live and work in the United States. The holder must maintain permanent resident status and may be removed from the United States if certain conditions of this status are not met.
Green cards were previously issued by INS. In 2002, the Homeland Security Act (public law 107-296, article 116, article 1135) abolished ins and divided the former institution into three parts of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The first is the U.S. citizenship and Immigration Service (USCIS), which processes immigrant benefit applications. Two other agencies have been set up to monitor INS's previous immigration enforcement functions: the United States immigration and Customs Enforcement Agency (ice) and the United States Customs and Border Protection Agency (CBP).
Permanent residents over the age of 18 in the United States must always carry their actual green card. Otherwise, there will be a violation of the immigration and Nationality Act, with a maximum fine of $100 and 30 days' imprisonment for each offence. Only the federal government can impose these penalties.
Cards issued between January 1977 and August 1989 do not have a certificate number or expiry date and are valid indefinitely.
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