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A kayak is a small, narrow boat, usually propelled by two oars. The term kayak comes from the Greenlandic qajaq.
A traditional kayak has a covered deck and one or more cockpits, each of which can hold one oarsman. The cockpit is sometimes covered with a damp proof deck that prevents waves or water from entering the water, thus distinguishing the yacht from the canoe. The spray deck allows skilled kayakers to roll the kayak: that is, to capsize and straighten the kayak without adding water or ejecting the oarsman.
The legs of the people sitting on the boat are covered. The two ends of the boat gradually become thin to a tip, holding a long and pointed wooden pole
The inside of the kayak is a 360 degree sphere of light at the Smithsonian National Museum of American Indians. Click to get a 360 degree view
Some modern ships are quite different from the traditional design, but they are still called "kayaks", for example, by putting the oarsman on the top of the ship to eliminate the cockpit ("sitting" kayak); there are air chambers around the ship; replacing the single hull with the double hull, and replacing the oars with other human propulsion methods (such as foot rotating propeller and "fin plate"). Kayaks are also sailing and propelled by small electric motors and even outboard gas engines.
A picture of a man in a boat with a paddle swimming in an otter. The captain is about 12 feet, only wider than the oarsman.
Kayaks are often used near marine animals, such as otters.
Kayaks were originally used by Aleut, Inuit, Yupik, and possibly Ainu hunters in the world's sub Arctic.
In general, kayak design is primarily a trade-off between directional stability ("tracking") and maneuverability; stability and speed; and primary and secondary stability. Multi hull canoes face a series of different choices. The shape and size of the paddler's body is an integral part of the structure and will also influence the choices made.
Generally, longer kayaks are faster: the hull is faster. It can also be narrower for a given displacement, thereby reducing drag, and generally better tracked (along a straight line) by shorter kayaks. On the other hand, its operability is poor. Extremely long kayaks are not strong enough and may be difficult to store and transport. Some leisure kayak manufacturers try to maximize hull volume (weight) over a given length because shorter kayaks are easier to transport and store.
Kayaks designed to cover longer distances, such as travel and sea kayaks, are longer, usually 16 to 19 feet (4.9 to 5.8 m). When visiting kayaks, the keel is usually clearer (to help kayakers travel in a straight line). Torrent kayaks are usually short to maximize mobility, while torrent kayaks usually rely on the river's forward motion. These kayaks rarely exceed 8 feet (2.4 m) in length, and cruise ships may be only 5-6 feet (1.5-1.8 m) in length. Leisure kayak designers are trying to provide greater stability at the expense of reduced speed and compromise between 9-14 feet (2.7-4.3 m) of tracking and maneuverability.
Today, almost all kayaks are for commercial sale, not for the personal use of the builder.
Fiberglass hulls are harder than polyethylene hulls, but they are more vulnerable to impact (including cracking). Most modern kayaks have steep V-sections at the bow and stern, and shallow V-sections in the middle. Fiberglass kayaks need to be "stacked" in a mold by hand, so they are usually more expensive than rotating the molded polyethylene kayak in a machine.
Plastic kayak is made of various grades and types of polyethylene resin (from soft to hard) by rotary molding ("roll molding"). This kind of kayak is particularly shock resistant.
Wooden hulls do not necessarily require a lot of skill and manual work, depending on how they are made. Canoes made of fiberglass clad wood have proved successful, especially with the price of epoxy resin falling in recent years. Plywood, stitches and glues (S & G) do not require fiberglass sheaths, although some builders do. Three main types are popular, especially for Home Builders: Stitch & glue, strip built, and hybrid vehicles with sewn and glued hulls and ribbon decks.
Stitch & glue designs typically use modern marine grade plywood - eight inches, three millimeters (0.12 inches) or a quarter of an inch, five millimeters (0.20 inches) thick. After cutting off the required hull and deck (the kit is usually pre cut), a series of small holes are drilled along the edge. The parts are then "stitched" together using copper wire through the holes. After the parts are temporarily sewn together, they are bonded to the epoxy resin and the joints are reinforced with glass fiber. When the epoxy dried, the copper needle was removed. Sometimes, the whole ship is then covered with fiberglass to increase strength and water resistance, although this will greatly increase weight, which is not necessary. Construction is very simple, but because plywood does not bend to form a compound curve, design options are limited. For the first kayak builder, this is a good choice, because the labor and skills (especially the kit version) required are much less than that of a ribbon boat, which can take up to three times as long.
The shape of the banded structure is similar to that of the rigid fiberglass canoe, but it is usually lighter and stronger. Like fiberglass, the shape and size of the boat determine performance and optimum use. The hull and deck are made of thin light wood, usually cedar, pine or mahogany. These strips are glued together around a certain shape, bound or clamped in a proper position, and then dried. The structural strength comes from a layer of fiberglass cloth and epoxy resin inside and outside the hull. The banded kayak is sold commercially by companies for more than $4000. An experienced carpenter can spend about $400 to build a carpenter in 200 hours, although the exact cost and time depends on the skill, material, size and design of the builder. As a second kayak project, or for serious builders with carpentry expertise, the banded boat is an impressive job. Kits with pre cut and milled battens are commercially available.
The skin of frame ship is more traditional in design, material and construction. Traditionally, they are made of driftwood, nailed together or tied together, plus elongated seal skins, because they are the most accessible material in the Arctic. Nowadays, seal skin is usually replaced by canvas or nylon with paint, polyurethane, hypalon rubber coating and wood or aluminum frame. Modern kayaks with frames usually have higher impact resistance than fiberglass kayaks, but have poor durability for wear or sharp objects. They are usually the lightest kayaks.
Folding kayak is a special type of kayak. It has a folding frame of wood, aluminum or plastic or a combination of them, as well as a waterproof and durable fabric skin. Many types of hulls have built-in airships that float even when submerged.
