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Faucets (also faucets or faucets: See Usage Changes) are valves that control the release of liquid or gas.
Water for bathtubs, sinks and washbasins can be provided through hot and cold taps respectively. This arrangement is common in older installations, especially in public toilets / toilets and utility / laundry rooms. In kitchens and bathrooms, faucets are usually used. In this case, the hot water and cold water from the two valves are mixed before reaching the outlet, so that the water can flow out at any temperature between the hot and cold water supply. The faucet was invented by Thomas Campbell of St. John, New Brunswick and patented in 1880.
North American style mixing valve uses a central handle to control water flow and temperature (clockwise rotation increases). Below it is a lever to control the diverter. When the valve is on the left side, its flow will flow to the bathtub, and on the right side is the shower.
For bathrooms and showers, the mixing faucet often has a pressure balancing function, so the hot / cold mixing ratio is not affected by one or other supply pressure transients. This helps to avoid scalding or uncomfortable cooling when other water loads occur, such as flushing toilets. Mixing faucets do not use two separate valves, but often use a single, more complex valve controlled by a handle (single handle mixer). The handle moves up and down to control the water flow and left and right to control the water temperature. Especially for bathtubs and showers, the latest design is a thermostatic mixing valve, which uses a built-in thermostat to do this, and can be mechanical or electronic. There are also faucets with color LED to show the water temperature.
If a separate faucet is installed, it may not be immediately known which faucet is hot and which is cold. The hot tap usually has a red indicator, while the cold tap usually has a blue or green indicator. In the United States, taps are often also marked "H" or "C". In countries with romantic languages, the letter "C" stands for heat and "F" stands for cold (from French "chaud" / Italian "caldo" / Spanish "Caliente" and French "froid" / Italian "Freddo" / Spanish "Frio"). This will cause confusion for English speaking visitors. The mixing faucet may have red and blue stripes or arrows indicating which side is hot and which side is cold.
Hot / cold water faucets are standard in most countries. For example, in the United States and many other countries, building codes require that hot taps be placed on the left. There are many facilities (known as "cross connections") that have ignored this standard. Even if the fixture is connected correctly, the wrong assembly of some single valve mixing faucets will make the heat and cold exchange.
