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Flute is a family of woodwind instruments. Unlike a woodwind instrument with reeds, a flute is an aircraft or reed free instrument that produces sound through the flow of air through an opening. According to Hornbostel - Sachs's musical instrument classification, flute is classified as edge blowing aircraft. The musicians who play flute can be called flute players, flute players, flute players, or, more rarely, flute players or flute players.
Flute is the earliest existing musical instrument because of the discovery of Paleolithic instruments with hand drilled holes. Many flutes dating from 43000 to 35000 years ago have been found in today's Swabian Jura region of Germany. These flutes show that there were developed musical traditions in the earliest period of modern human existence in Europe.
When the air flow through the instrument hole creates air vibration at the hole, the flute will make sound. Air flow creates Bernoulli or siphons. This excites the air contained in the resonant cavity, which is usually cylindrical in the flute. The flute player changes the pitch of the sound produced by opening and closing the holes in the instrument body, thus changing the effective length of the resonator and its corresponding resonant frequency. By changing the air pressure, the flute player can also change the tone by making the air in the flute harmonic rather than fundamental resonance without opening or closing any hole.
The geometry of the head joint is particularly critical for acoustic performance and tone, but there is no clear agreement among manufacturers on the specific shape. The acoustic impedance is the most important parameter. The key variables affecting this acoustic impedance include: the length of the chimney (the hole between the lip and the headpipe), the diameter of the chimney, the radius or curvature of the end of the chimney, and any design restrictions in the instrument "throat," such as in the Japanese flute
A study that blindfolded professional flute players found no significant difference between flutes made of multiple metals. In the two groups of blind listening, the flute was not recognized correctly in the first listening, but only silver flute was recognized in the second listening. The study concluded that "there is no evidence that wall materials have a significant effect on the color or dynamic range of sound".
