A camera is an optical instrument for recording or capturing images, which can be stored locally or transmitted to another location, or both. An image may be a single still photo or a sequence of images that constitute a video or movie. The camera is a remote sensing device because it can sense the subject without physical contact. The term camera comes from the camera darkbox, meaning "darkroom," which is the Latin name for the original device used to project images of external reality onto a flat surface. The modern camera evolved from the darkbox camera. The function of the camera is very similar to that of the human eye.

The camera can work with light from the visible spectrum or other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. A still camera is an optical device that creates a single image of an object or scene and records it on an electronic sensor or photographic film. All cameras use the same basic design: light enters a closed box through a converging / convex lens, and images are recorded on a photosensitive medium (mainly a transition metal halide). The shutter mechanism controls how long light can enter the camera. Most cameras have the following functions: allowing people to view the scene to be recorded, focusing the required part of the scene clearly, and controlling the exposure so that it is not too bright or too dark. A display, usually a liquid crystal display (LCD), allows the user to view the scene to be recorded and settings such as ISO speed, exposure, and shutter speed.

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