Electronic calculators are small portable electronic devices used to perform calculations, ranging from basic arithmetic to complex mathematics.

The first solid-state electronic calculator was founded in the 1960s on the basis of a long history of tools such as abacus (developed around 2000 BC) and mechanical calculators (developed in the 17th century AD). It is developed in parallel with today's analog computers.

Pocket devices came out in the 1970s, especially after Intel's first microprocessor, Intel 4004, was developed for Japanese calculator company busicom. They later became common in the oil industry (oil and gas).

Modern calculators vary: from cheap, giveaway, credit card sized models to robust desktop models with built-in printers. They became popular in the mid-1970s (because integrated circuits reduced size and cost). By the end of that decade, the price of calculators had fallen to the price of basic calculators that most people could afford, and that price was common in schools.

Early in UNIX, the computer operating system already included interactive calculator programs, such as DC and hoc, and calculator functions were almost included in all personal digital assistant (PDA) type devices (saving some special address book and dictionary devices).

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