Mahatma Gandhi (October 2, 1869 to January 30, 1948) was an Indian activist and leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule. Gandhi used nonviolent civil disobedience to lead India to independence, and inspired the movement for civil rights and freedom. Dear mah? tm？ (Sanskrit: "high soul", "noble") – it was first applied to him in South Africa in 1914 and is now used worldwide. In India, he is also known as Babu (Gujarati: the love of his father) and Gandhi, and as the father of the nation.

Gandhi was born and raised in a Hindu caste family in Gujarat, India, and was trained in law in the inner Temple of London. In the struggle for civil rights of local residents, Gandhi first hired non violent citizens as foreign lawyers in South Africa. After returning to India in 1915, he began organizing farmers, farmers and urban workers to protest against excessive land taxes and discrimination. Gandhi was the leader of the national assembly of India in 1921, leading a national movement for various social causes and the realization of Swaraj or autonomy.

Gandhi's famous region led Indians to challenge the salt tax imposed by the March conquest of Britain of dandy salt, 400 kilometers (250 miles) in 1930, and later called on the British to withdraw from India in 1942. He has been jailed for many years, in South Africa and India. He lived a modest life in a self-sufficient residential community and wore traditional Indian dhoti and shawls, which were woven by hand on charkha. He ate a simple vegetarian diet and fasted for a long time as a means of self purification and political protest.

However, Gandhi's vision of an independent India based on religious pluralism was challenged by a new Muslim nationalism in the early 1940s, which demanded that a separate Muslim homeland be carved from India. In the end, Britain gained independence in August 1947, but the British Indian Empire was divided into two autonomous regions, namely, India with a majority of Hindus and Pakistan with a majority of Muslims. When many displaced Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs entered the new land, religious violence broke out, especially in Punjab and Bengal. Gandhi eschewed the official independence celebrations in Delhi and visited the affected areas in an attempt to provide solace. Over the next few months, he fasted until his death several times to stop religious violence. The last of these was at the age of 78 on 12 January 1948, with the indirect goal of putting pressure on India to repay some of its cash assets owed to Pakistan. Some Indians think Gandhi is too tolerant. One of them was the Indian nationalist nathuram godse, who assassinated Gandhi on January 30, 1948, by firing three bullets into his chest. Gus and his accomplice, Narayan APTE, were arrested along with many of his accomplices and collaborators, who were tried, convicted and executed while many others were jailed.

On October 2, Gandhi's birthday was commemorated as the national holiday Gandhi Jayanti in India, which is known as the international day of Non Violence in the world.