Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 to April 15, 1865) was an American politician and lawyer. He became the 16th president of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the nation through the civil war, the bloodiest war and its greatest moral, constitutional and political crisis. He retained the union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government and modernized the American economy.

Born in Kentucky, Lincoln grew up on the frontier of a poor family. He taught himself to become a lawyer, Whig leader, Illinois state senator and Congressman. In 1849, he left the government and began to practice again. However, he was angry at the success of the Democratic Party in opening up Grassland land as a slavery, and entered politics again in 1854. He became the leader of the new Republican Party and received national attention in 1858 when Stephen A. Douglas, the leader of the Democratic Party, ran for the Illinois Senate in 1858. Then he ran for president in 1860, swept the north and won. The pro slavery elements in the south take his victory as evidence, which shows that the north is refusing to exercise the constitutional rights of slavery in the south. They began the process of breaking away from the union. To ensure its independence, the new United States of America opened fire on Fort Sumter, one of the few forts in the south of the United States. Lincoln called on volunteers and militias to quell the rebellion and restore the union.

As a moderate leader of the Republican Party, Lincoln met with Radical Republicans who demanded tougher treatment of the south. The war Democrat, who brought a large number of former opponents into his camp, despised his anti war Democrat (known as kopophaiz), and plotted his assassination with irreconcilable separatists. Lincoln fought against each other, carefully distributed political support, and appealed to the American people. 65-87 his Gettysburg Address became a landmark call for nationalism, republicanism, equal rights, freedom and democracy. He suspended habeas corpus and avoided British intervention by dissolving Trent. Lincoln closely monitored the war effort, including the choice of generals and the naval blockade that closed the southern trade. As the war went on, he took action to end slavery and issued the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863. It ordered the army to protect the escaped slaves, encouraged the border countries to ban slavery, and banned slavery nationwide through the 13th Amendment of the US Constitution passed by Congress.

Lincoln ran his own re-election campaign. He tried to reconcile his damaged country by avoiding retribution to the separatists. A few days after the Appomattox court, he was shot and killed by actor and ally sympathizer John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865, and died on that day. Abraham Lincoln is regarded as a martyr hero of America. He has been named one of the greatest presidents of the United States by scholars and the public.