Horse is one of the two extant subspecies of equine. It is an odd hoofed mammal belonging to the family comatidae. In the past 45 to 55 million years, the horse has evolved from a small, multi toed creature, Eohippus, to today's large, single toed animal. Humans began to domesticate horses around 4000 B.C., and it is believed that by 3000 B.C., domestication of horses was widespread. Although some of the domesticated populations live in the wild like wild horses, the horses in the cabalus subspecies have been domesticated. These wild populations are not real wild horses, because the term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated, such as those of the endangered pronghorn, individual subspecies, and only real wild horses. There are a large number of professional vocabularies to describe horse related concepts, covering everything from anatomy to life stage, size, color, marker, breed, movement and behavior.

The horse's anatomy allows them to use speed to escape predators, and they have a developed sense of balance and a strong fight or escape response. An unusual feature associated with the need to escape predators in the wild is the ability of horses to stand and lie down to sleep. A female horse is called a mare and its infancy lasts about 11 months, while a young horse, called a foal, can stand and run shortly after birth. Most domesticated horses begin saddle training or harness training between the ages of 2 and 4. They can achieve full adult development by the age of five, with an average life span of between 25 and 30.

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